Pervasive Drive for Autonomy, also known as Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA)is a neurodivergent profile most often seen within the autism spectrum.
PDA is defined by an intense need for autonomy and a deep anxiety-driven avoidance of everyday demands. This isn’t about being oppositional or defiant—it’s a protective nervous system response to feeling unsafe or out of control.
For someone with PDA, even simple tasks, like getting dressed, brushing teeth, or being asked a question, can trigger overwhelming stress. What may look like refusal is often a panic response, not a choice.
Children and adults with PDA often show:
Because PDAers can appear socially skilled and may “mask” their distress, their challenges are often misunderstood as defiance or confused with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). But while ODD stems from behavioural opposition, PDA stems from anxiety and survival instincts
Understanding PDA means recognising that behaviour is communication. With empathy, flexibility, and collaborative approaches, we can help PDAers feel safe, capable, and in control of their world.
Complete our PDA Training Program to learn more about supporting children with PDA.
